State-of-the-art on-line meters for determination of ammonium, nitrate and phosphate are presented. The on-line meters employ different measuring principles and are available in many different designs differing with respect to size, calibration and cleaning principle, user-friendliness, response time, reagent and sample consumption. A study of Danish experiences on several plants has been conducted. The list price of an on-line meter is between USD 8000 and USD 35,000. To this should be added the cost of sample preparation, design, installation and running-in. The yearly operating for one meter are in the range of USD 200-2500 and the manpower consumption is in the range of 1-5 hours/month. The accuracy obtained is only slightly smaller than the accuracy on collaborative laboratory analyses, which is sufficient for most control purposes.
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Research Article|
January 01 1996
N and P on-line meters: requirements, maintenance and stability Available to Purchase
Water Sci Technol (1996) 33 (1): 147–157.
Citation
Henrik A. Thomsen, Kenneth Kisbye; N and P on-line meters: requirements, maintenance and stability. Water Sci Technol 1 January 1996; 33 (1): 147–157. doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0014
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