Discharge of sewage into the ocean is still a common method of disposal worldwide. Both treated and untreated sewage may contain significant concentrations of waterborne pathogens, such as Giardia, Cryptosporidium, poliovirus and Salmonella. Limited studies exist on the survival of poliovirus and Salmonella in marine waters; however, almost no information exists on the survival of protozoan parasites in marine waters. This study examined the survival of Giardia muris cysts, Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts, poliovirus-1 and Salmonella typhimurium in marine waters. The survival of the microorganisms varied according to the presence of light, salinity and water quality (as determined by quantity of enterococci). All microorganisms survived longer in the dark than in sunlight, the order of survival in sunlight being: Cryptosporidium > poliovirus > Giardia > Salmonella.
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Research Article|
June 01 1997
Survival of giardia, cryptosporidium, poliovirus and salmonella in marine waters
D. C. Johnson;
D. C. Johnson
*Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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C. E. Enriquez;
C. E. Enriquez
**Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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I. L. Pepper;
I. L. Pepper
**Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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T. L. Davis;
T. L. Davis
***California Laboratory Services, Rancho Cordova, CA 95742, USA
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C. P. Gerba;
C. P. Gerba
*Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
**Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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J. B. Rose
J. B. Rose
†Department of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersberg, FL 33701, USA
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Water Sci Technol (1997) 35 (11-12): 261–268.
Citation
D. C. Johnson, C. E. Enriquez, I. L. Pepper, T. L. Davis, C. P. Gerba, J. B. Rose; Survival of giardia, cryptosporidium, poliovirus and salmonella in marine waters. Water Sci Technol 1 June 1997; 35 (11-12): 261–268. doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0744
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