The efficiencies of a natural Typha spp wetland (Wn) formed on a river bed and its effluent treatment in a constructed wetland (Wc, subsurface horizontal flow) were investigated in northeastern Brazil (Paraiba State). The Wc system (12 tanks with stone gravel, 4.13 m2, 0.22 m3, 20 Typha spp rhizomes. m-2 each, with 38, 29, and 19 mm.d-1 hydraulic loadings, and 5, 7, and 10 days HRT) was fed daily with effluent from a Wn. Wn removal presented the highest values after Typha spp were cut during the 5th week. Removal values were (1st and 2nd periods or before and after cutting): 75% and 81% BOD5; 10-53% total phosphorus; 13%-55% ammonia; 89%-91% FC; 90-96% coliphages and bacteriophages. Wc removals increased with time with best results on 10d HRT. Removals were also higher in the 2nd period: 74%-78% BOD5; 58%-82% ammonia; 90% FC; 94-98% FS; and 92%-96% coliphages and bacteriophages. Despite the high remaining values of FC (1.4×104 CFU/100 ml) and FX (4×103 CFU/100 ml), the removals were satisfactory and HRT dependent, suggesting a gradual optimization of the system with time. The Wc exhibited good efficiency for improving water quality from polluted river.
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Research Article|
December 01 2001
River water quality improvement by natural and constructed wetland systems in the tropical semi-arid region of Northeastern Brazil
B.S.O. de Ceballos;
B.S.O. de Ceballos
*Department of Civil Engineering - Environmental and Sanitation Area, Federal University of Paraiba. Avenida Aprigio Veloso, 882; CEP 58109-753, Campina Grande, Paraiba, Brazil
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H. Oliveira;
H. Oliveira
**Technological Science Center, State University of Paraiba, Avenida des Baraúnas, 351; CEP 58109-753, Campina Grande, Paraiba, Brazil
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C.M.B.S. Meira;
C.M.B.S. Meira
**Technological Science Center, State University of Paraiba, Avenida des Baraúnas, 351; CEP 58109-753, Campina Grande, Paraiba, Brazil
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A. Konig;
A. Konig
*Department of Civil Engineering - Environmental and Sanitation Area, Federal University of Paraiba. Avenida Aprigio Veloso, 882; CEP 58109-753, Campina Grande, Paraiba, Brazil
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A.O. Guimarães;
A.O. Guimarães
*Department of Civil Engineering - Environmental and Sanitation Area, Federal University of Paraiba. Avenida Aprigio Veloso, 882; CEP 58109-753, Campina Grande, Paraiba, Brazil
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J.T. de Souza
J.T. de Souza
**Technological Science Center, State University of Paraiba, Avenida des Baraúnas, 351; CEP 58109-753, Campina Grande, Paraiba, Brazil
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Water Sci Technol (2001) 44 (11-12): 599–605.
Citation
B.S.O. de Ceballos, H. Oliveira, C.M.B.S. Meira, A. Konig, A.O. Guimarães, J.T. de Souza; River water quality improvement by natural and constructed wetland systems in the tropical semi-arid region of Northeastern Brazil. Water Sci Technol 1 December 2001; 44 (11-12): 599–605. doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0886
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