Several different types of constructed wetland systems are being used as decentralized treatment systems including surface-flow, subsurface-flow, vertical-flow, and hybrid systems. Archetypical wetland systems have design strengths and weaknesses, and therefore it should be possible to design combined (integrated) systems to optimize a number of important treatment processes. This study provides comparative efficacy data for two integrated wetland treatment systems (IWTS) designed to enhance treatment of medium strength wastewater generated from a pilot-scale intensive fish farm. Results from the twenty eight months study included consistently high removal of COD (84%+) and ammonia nitrogen (93%) in both systems. Initially, phosphorus removal was also high (>90%) in both systems, but removal efficacy declined significantly over time. Nitrate removal was significantly better in the system that provided sequential aerobic and anoxic environments. Short hydraulic retention times coupled with sustained removal of COD and ammonia indicate that the ReCip components could be a least-cost wastewater treatment technology in the decentralized market sector.
Skip Nav Destination
Article navigation
Research Article|
April 01 2007
Integrated constructed wetland systems: design, operation, and performance of low-cost decentralized wastewater treatment systems
L.L. Behrends;
1Tennessee Valley Authority, Environmental Technologies, CEB1-C, Muscle Shoals, Alabama USA 35662
E-mail: [email protected]
Search for other works by this author on:
E. Bailey;
E. Bailey
1Tennessee Valley Authority, Environmental Technologies, CEB1-C, Muscle Shoals, Alabama USA 35662
Search for other works by this author on:
P. Jansen;
P. Jansen
1Tennessee Valley Authority, Environmental Technologies, CEB1-C, Muscle Shoals, Alabama USA 35662
Search for other works by this author on:
L. Houke;
L. Houke
1Tennessee Valley Authority, Environmental Technologies, CEB1-C, Muscle Shoals, Alabama USA 35662
Search for other works by this author on:
S. Smith
S. Smith
1Tennessee Valley Authority, Environmental Technologies, CEB1-C, Muscle Shoals, Alabama USA 35662
Search for other works by this author on:
Water Sci Technol (2007) 55 (7): 155–161.
Citation
L.L. Behrends, E. Bailey, P. Jansen, L. Houke, S. Smith; Integrated constructed wetland systems: design, operation, and performance of low-cost decentralized wastewater treatment systems. Water Sci Technol 1 April 2007; 55 (7): 155–161. doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.140
Download citation file:
Sign in
Don't already have an account? Register
Client Account
You could not be signed in. Please check your email address / username and password and try again.
Could not validate captcha. Please try again.
eBook
Pay-Per-View Access
$38.00