The potential health effects of Salmonella found in wastewater residuals is dependent on the exposure of individuals to the organism. This paper provides a risk assessment for human infection from Salmonella due to direct contact with Class B biosolids, and from contact with Class A biosolids following regrowth of Salmonella. In addition, a risk assessment is provided for infection via airborne transport of bioaerosols from Class B biosolids and biosolids in which regrowth had occurred, to off-site communities. Results of the risk characterization imply that the risk of human infection from direct contact with Class B land applied residuals and subsequent ingestion is low. In contrast, the risk from direct contact with Class A residuals following regrowth is greater. Risks from airborne transport of Salmonella via bioaerosols away from a Class B land application site are also low. However, once again the risk from aerosols resulting from biosolids in which regrowth had occurred was greater. Based on these analyses, we conclude that it is highly unlikely that Salmonella infections will occur from land applied Class A or B residuals. However, risks become significant if Class A biosolids are stored anaerobically i.e. saturated, prior to land application.
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Research Article|
April 01 2008
Exposure and risk assessment of Salmonella in recycled residuals Available to Purchase
Charles P. Gerba;
1Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, The University of Arizona, 1177 E. Fourth Street, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA [email protected]
E-mail: [email protected]
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Nohelia Castro-del Campo;
Nohelia Castro-del Campo
1Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, The University of Arizona, 1177 E. Fourth Street, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA [email protected]
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John P. Brooks;
John P. Brooks
2Waste Management and Forage Research Unit, USDA/ARS, P.O. Box 5267, 810 Hwy. 12 East Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA [email protected]
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Ian L. Pepper
Ian L. Pepper
3Environmental Research Laboratory, The University of Arizona, 2601 E. Airport Drive, Tucson, AZ 85706, USA [email protected]
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Water Sci Technol (2008) 57 (7): 1061–1065.
Citation
Charles P. Gerba, Nohelia Castro-del Campo, John P. Brooks, Ian L. Pepper; Exposure and risk assessment of Salmonella in recycled residuals. Water Sci Technol 1 April 2008; 57 (7): 1061–1065. doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.235
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