Direct capillary nanofiltration also in combination with an upstream powdered activated carbon treatment was tested for high quality water reuse of tertiary effluent from a municipal wastewater treatment plant. Two endocrine disruptors (BPA and EE2) and two cytostatics (CytR and 5-FU) were spiked in concentrations of 1 to 2 μg/L to evaluate the process performance. In direct NF the real total removal of the micropollutants was between 5 and 40%. Adsorption to the membrane played a major role leading to a seemingly total removal between 35 and 70%. Addition of powdered activated carbon and lignite coke dust largely reduced the influence from adsorption to the membrane and increased the total removal to >95 to 99.9% depending on the PAC type and dose. The cytostatics showed already in direct NF a very high removal due to unspecified losses. Further investigations are ongoing to understand the underlying mechanism. The PAC/NF process provided a consistently high permeate quality with respect to bulk and trace organics.
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Research Article|
October 01 2008
Removal of endocrine disruptors and cytostatics from effluent by nanofiltration in combination with adsorption on powdered activated carbon
C. Kazner;
1Department of Chemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Turmstrasse 46, 52056 Aachen, Germany E-mail: kazner@ivt.rwth-aachen.de; wintgens@ivt.rwth-aachen.de; melin@ivt.rwth-aachen.de
E-mail: kazner@ivt.rwth-aachen.de
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K. Lehnberg;
K. Lehnberg
2Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Health, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelstrasse 50, 52050 Aachen, Germany E-mail: kai.lehnberg@rwth-aachen.de; wdott@ukaachen.de
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L. Kovalova;
L. Kovalova
3Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Überlandstr. 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland E-mail: lubomira.kovalova@eawag.ch; juliane.hollender@eawag.ch
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T. Wintgens;
T. Wintgens
1Department of Chemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Turmstrasse 46, 52056 Aachen, Germany E-mail: kazner@ivt.rwth-aachen.de; wintgens@ivt.rwth-aachen.de; melin@ivt.rwth-aachen.de
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T. Melin;
T. Melin
1Department of Chemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Turmstrasse 46, 52056 Aachen, Germany E-mail: kazner@ivt.rwth-aachen.de; wintgens@ivt.rwth-aachen.de; melin@ivt.rwth-aachen.de
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J. Hollender;
J. Hollender
3Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Überlandstr. 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland E-mail: lubomira.kovalova@eawag.ch; juliane.hollender@eawag.ch
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W. Dott
W. Dott
2Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Health, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelstrasse 50, 52050 Aachen, Germany E-mail: kai.lehnberg@rwth-aachen.de; wdott@ukaachen.de
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Water Sci Technol (2008) 58 (8): 1699–1706.
Citation
C. Kazner, K. Lehnberg, L. Kovalova, T. Wintgens, T. Melin, J. Hollender, W. Dott; Removal of endocrine disruptors and cytostatics from effluent by nanofiltration in combination with adsorption on powdered activated carbon. Water Sci Technol 1 October 2008; 58 (8): 1699–1706. doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.542
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