This research project aimed to determine the technologically feasible and applicable wastewater treatment systems which will be constructed to solve environmental problems caused by small communities in Turkey. Pilot-scale treatment of a small community's wastewater was performed over a period of more than 2 years in order to show applicability of these systems. The present study involves removal of organic matter and suspended solids in serially operated horizontal (HFCW) and vertical (VFCW) sub-surface flow constructed wetlands. The pilot-scale wetland was constructed downstream of anaerobic reactors at the campus of TUBITAK-MRC. Anaerobically pretreated wastewater was introduced into this hybrid two-stage sub-surface flow wetland system (TSCW). Wastewater was first introduced into the horizontal sub-surface flow system and then the vertical flow system before being discharged. Recirculation of the effluent was tested in the system. When the recirculation ratio was 100%, average removal efficiencies for TSCW were 91 ± 4% for COD, 83 ± 10% for BOD and 96 ± 3% for suspended solids with average effluent concentrations of 9 ± 5 mg/L COD, 6 ± 3 mg/L BOD and 1 mg/L for suspended solids. Comparing non-recirculation and recirculation periods, the lowest effluent concentrations were obtained with a 100% recirculation ratio. The effluent concentrations met the Turkish regulations for discharge limits of COD, BOD and TSS in each case. The study showed that a hybrid constructed wetland system with recirculation is a very effective method of obtaining very low effluent organic matter and suspended solids concentrations downstream of anaerobic pretreatment of domestic wastewaters in small communities.
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Research Article|
May 01 2011
Effect of recirculation on organic matter removal in a hybrid constructed wetland system
S. Ç. Ayaz;
1TUBITAK-MRC (Marmara Research Center), 41470, Pbox: 21, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkiye
E-mail: [email protected]
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N. Findik;
N. Findik
1TUBITAK-MRC (Marmara Research Center), 41470, Pbox: 21, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkiye
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L. Akça;
L. Akça
2ITU Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Türkiye
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N. Erdoğan;
N. Erdoğan
1TUBITAK-MRC (Marmara Research Center), 41470, Pbox: 21, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkiye
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C. Kınacı
C. Kınacı
2ITU Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Türkiye
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Water Sci Technol (2011) 63 (10): 2360–2366.
Citation
S. Ç. Ayaz, N. Findik, L. Akça, N. Erdoğan, C. Kınacı; Effect of recirculation on organic matter removal in a hybrid constructed wetland system. Water Sci Technol 1 May 2011; 63 (10): 2360–2366. doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.635
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