Human activity results in the production of a wide range of pollutants that can enter the water cycle through stormwater or wastewater. Among others, heavy metals are still detected in high concentrations around urban areas and their impact on aquatic organisms is of major concern. In this study, we propose to use a substance flow analysis as a tool for heavy metals management in urban areas. We illustrate the approach with the case of copper in Lausanne, Switzerland. The results show that around 1,500 kg of copper enter the aquatic compartment yearly. This amount contributes to sediment enrichment, which may pose a long-term risk for benthic organisms. The major sources of copper in receiving surface water are roofs and catenaries of trolleybuses. They represent 75% of the total input of copper into the urban water system. Actions to reduce copper pollution should therefore focus on these sources. Substance flow analysis also highlights that copper enters surface water mainly during rain events, i.e., without passing through any treatment procedure. A reduction in pollution could also be achieved by improving stormwater management. In conclusion, the study showed that substance flow analysis is a very effective tool for sustainable urban water management.
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Research Article|
April 01 2011
Substance flow analysis as a tool for urban water management Available to Purchase
N. Chèvre;
1IMG, Faculty of Geosciences and Environment, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
E-mail: [email protected]
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C. Guignard;
C. Guignard
1IMG, Faculty of Geosciences and Environment, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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L. Rossi;
L. Rossi
2ECOL-ISTE, ENAC, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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H.-R. Pfeifer;
H.-R. Pfeifer
1IMG, Faculty of Geosciences and Environment, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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H.-P. Bader;
H.-P. Bader
3Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology, Ueberlandstrasse 133, 8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland
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R. Scheidegger
R. Scheidegger
3Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology, Ueberlandstrasse 133, 8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland
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Water Sci Technol (2011) 63 (7): 1341–1348.
Citation
N. Chèvre, C. Guignard, L. Rossi, H.-R. Pfeifer, H.-P. Bader, R. Scheidegger; Substance flow analysis as a tool for urban water management. Water Sci Technol 1 April 2011; 63 (7): 1341–1348. doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.132
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