Completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) is a cost-effective nitrogen removal process. Implementation of the CANON process relies on the cooperation of ammonium-oxidizing and Anammox bacteria, as well as the inhibition of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria. Strict limitations on dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration in the reactor, and the addition of sufficient inorganic carbon in the influent, were adopted as the main operational strategies. The reactor was fed with synthetic inorganic wastewater composed mainly of NH4+-N, and operated for 106 days. Stable nitrogen removal rates (NRR) of around 1.4 kg N m−3 d−1 were obtained at ambient temperature. Morphological characteristics and analysis of bacterial community confirmed the formation of functional outer aerobic and inner anaerobic granular sludge, providing evidence of stable nitrogen removal.
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Research Article|
May 01 2012
High rate nitrogen removal by the CANON process at ambient temperature
Li Zhang;
Li Zhang
1Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
2Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
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Jing Jiang;
Jing Jiang
3School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China
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Jiachun Yang;
4Shenhua Group Corporation Ltd, Beijing 100011, China
E-mail: yangjia6722@yahoo.com.cn
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Daisuke Hira;
Daisuke Hira
1Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
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Kenji Furukawa
Kenji Furukawa
1Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
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Water Sci Technol (2012) 65 (10): 1826–1833.
Article history
Received:
April 14 2011
Accepted:
September 16 2011
Citation
Li Zhang, Jing Jiang, Jiachun Yang, Daisuke Hira, Kenji Furukawa; High rate nitrogen removal by the CANON process at ambient temperature. Water Sci Technol 1 May 2012; 65 (10): 1826–1833. doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.870
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