Monolayers are highly desirable for their evaporation reducing capabilities due to their relatively minimal cost and ease of application. Despite these positive attributes, monolayers have consistently failed to perform effectively due to the harsh wind and wave conditions prevalent across real-world water reserves. An exhaustive and consistent study testing the influence of wind and wave combinations on monolayer performance has yet to be presented in the literature. To remedy this, the effect of simultaneous wind and wave conditions on a benchmark high-performance monolayer (octadecanol suspension, CH3(CH2)16CH2OH) has been analysed. Subjected only to waves, the monolayer remained intact due to its innate ability to compress and expand. However, the constant simultaneous application of wind and waves caused the monolayer to break up and gather down-wind where it volatilised over time. At wind speeds above 1.3 m s−1 the monolayer was completely ineffective. For wind speeds below this threshold, the monolayer had an influence on the evaporation rate dependent on wind speed. From these results a series of application protocols can now be developed for the optimised deployment of monolayers in real-world water reserves. This will be of interest to private, commercial and government organisations involved in the storage and management of water resources.
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Research Article|
March 01 2012
Testing the effectiveness of monolayers under wind and wave conditions
C. Palada;
1School of Engineering, Griffith University, Parklands Drive, Gold Coast, 4215, Australia
E-mail: [email protected]
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P. Schouten;
P. Schouten
1School of Engineering, Griffith University, Parklands Drive, Gold Coast, 4215, Australia
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C. Lemckert
C. Lemckert
1School of Engineering, Griffith University, Parklands Drive, Gold Coast, 4215, Australia
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Water Sci Technol (2012) 65 (6): 1137–1141.
Article history
Received:
August 21 2011
Accepted:
November 14 2011
Citation
C. Palada, P. Schouten, C. Lemckert; Testing the effectiveness of monolayers under wind and wave conditions. Water Sci Technol 1 March 2012; 65 (6): 1137–1141. doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.959
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