The resistance of certain anthropogenic trace organic contaminants (TrOCs) to conventional wastewater treatment and their potential adverse effects on human and ecological health raise significant concerns and have prompted research on their bioremediation by white-rot fungi. This study compared the removal efficiencies of four widespread TrOCs: carbamazepine (CBZ), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), bisphenol A (BPA) and diclofenac (DCF), by nitrifying activated sludge as well as whole-cell and extracellular enzyme (laccase) extract of the white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor. Fungal whole-cell culture removed only BPA and DCF but with high efficiencies (>90%) while the mixed nitrifying culture removed all compounds, although by levels of only 5–40%. Rapid initial sorption on fungal mycelium (44 ± 13% for DCF) was observed; however, biodegradation governed the overall removal. Performance comparison between fungal whole-cell and extracellular extract revealed that, unlike BPA, a catalytic pathway independent of extracellular laccase was responsible for DCF removal. Addition of mediator (1-hydroxybenzotriazole) to extracellular extract improved the removal of SMX which bears an electron donor group, but not that of the resistant compound CBZ.
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Research Article|
March 01 2013
Removal of trace organic contaminants by nitrifying activated sludge and whole-cell and crude enzyme extract of Trametes versicolor
Shufan Yang;
Shufan Yang
1Strategic Water Infrastructure Laboratory, School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, The University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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Faisal I. Hai;
1Strategic Water Infrastructure Laboratory, School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, The University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
E-mail: faisal@uow.edu.au
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Long D. Nghiem;
Long D. Nghiem
1Strategic Water Infrastructure Laboratory, School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, The University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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Felicity Roddick;
Felicity Roddick
2School of Civil, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
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William E. Price
William E. Price
3Strategic Water Infrastructure Laboratory, School of Chemistry, The University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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Water Sci Technol (2013) 67 (6): 1216–1223.
Article history
Received:
August 09 2012
Accepted:
October 24 2012
Citation
Shufan Yang, Faisal I. Hai, Long D. Nghiem, Felicity Roddick, William E. Price; Removal of trace organic contaminants by nitrifying activated sludge and whole-cell and crude enzyme extract of Trametes versicolor. Water Sci Technol 1 March 2013; 67 (6): 1216–1223. doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.684
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