Industrial discharge has tremendously increased inorganic pollutants in water bodies all over the world. Paper and pulp effluent is included in one of the most pollution generating discharges containing complex chemical compounds such as lignin. For clean and healthy water resources, the recovery of lignin from wastewater from the paper and pulp industry is of high importance. Available chemical and biological technologies for removal of lignin have certain drawbacks. Coagulation and flocculation is not only the economic but also the effective method for removal of lignin. The present review highlights available coagulants employed for removal of lignin from paper and pulp wastewater. Each coagulant is pH dependent and shows varied results with change in effluent characteristics. The hydrolysis products of aluminium-based coagulants, iron-based coagulants and copper sulphate have positive charges. These positive charges promote formation of flocs through charged neutralisation or sweep flocculation. In the case of titanium-based coagulants, hydrolysis product is negatively charged and mode is heterocoagulation. Ninety percent recovery of lignin is achieved by using a mixture of oxotitanium sulphate and aluminium sulphate and 80% with aluminium sulphate. Virtually complete recovery of lignin is observed with oxotitanium sulphate.
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Research Article|
November 27 2013
Coagulation–flocculation for lignin removal from wastewater – a review
Arfa Nawaz;
1Comsats Institute of Information Technology, M.A. Jinnah Campus, Defence Road, Lahore (042) 111 001 007, Pakistan
E-mail: arfanawaz@ciitlahore.edu.pk
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Zaki Ahmed;
Zaki Ahmed
1Comsats Institute of Information Technology, M.A. Jinnah Campus, Defence Road, Lahore (042) 111 001 007, Pakistan
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Ali Shahbaz;
Ali Shahbaz
2University of Engineering and Technology (KSK Campus), Lahore, Pakistan
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Zahra Khan;
Zahra Khan
1Comsats Institute of Information Technology, M.A. Jinnah Campus, Defence Road, Lahore (042) 111 001 007, Pakistan
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Mohsin Javed
Mohsin Javed
3Sui Northern Gas Pipelines Limited., 21-Industrial Area Gurumangot Road, Gulberg-111, Lahore, Pakistan
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Water Sci Technol (2014) 69 (8): 1589–1597.
Article history
Received:
April 23 2013
Accepted:
November 15 2013
Citation
Arfa Nawaz, Zaki Ahmed, Ali Shahbaz, Zahra Khan, Mohsin Javed; Coagulation–flocculation for lignin removal from wastewater – a review. Water Sci Technol 1 April 2014; 69 (8): 1589–1597. doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.768
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