Coastal Zone Act Reauthorization Amendments (CZARA, Section 6217) necessitate the requirement that onsite wastewater disposal units located near impaired surface waters or groundwater to provide at least 50% nitrogen removal. Approximately 38% of Hawaii households use onsite systems including septic tanks and cesspools that cannot meet this requirement. Upgrades to aerobic treatment units (ATUs) are a possible compliance solution. In Hawaii, ATUs must meet National Sanitation Foundation Standard 40 (NSF40) Class I effluent criteria. Previously, a multi-chamber, flow-through, combined attached/suspended growth type ATU (OESIS-750) and presently, a sequencing batch type ATU (CBT 0.8KF-210) were evaluated for NSF40 compliance, nutrient removal capability (NSF245), and adaptability for water reuse (NSF350). Both units easily achieved the NSF40 Class I effluent criteria. While the OESIS-750 achieved only 19% nitrogen removal, the CBT unit achieved 81% nitrogen removal, meeting the NSF245 criteria and CZARA requirements for applications in critical wastewater disposal areas. In addition, the CBT consistently produced effluent with turbidity less than 2 NTU (NSF350) and UVT254 greater than 70%, facilitating the production of unrestricted-use recycled water.
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Research Article|
April 07 2015
Enhanced nitrogen removal with an onsite aerobic cyclic biological treatment unit Available to Purchase
Roger W. Babcock, Jr;
1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2540 Dole Street, Holmes # 383, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
E-mail: [email protected]
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Atiim Senthill;
Atiim Senthill
2US Navy, Department of the Navy, Washington, DC, USA
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Krishna M. Lamichhane;
Krishna M. Lamichhane
3Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, University of Hawaii, 1680 East West Road, POST 109, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
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Jessica Agsalda;
Jessica Agsalda
4Austin Tsutsumi & Associates, 501 Sumner St, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA
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Glen D. Lindbo
Glen D. Lindbo
5International Wastewater Technologies, 94-009 Waipahu Depot St # B, Waipahu, HI 96789, USA
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Water Sci Technol (2015) 71 (12): 1831–1837.
Article history
Received:
November 26 2014
Accepted:
March 25 2015
Citation
Roger W. Babcock, Atiim Senthill, Krishna M. Lamichhane, Jessica Agsalda, Glen D. Lindbo; Enhanced nitrogen removal with an onsite aerobic cyclic biological treatment unit. Water Sci Technol 1 June 2015; 71 (12): 1831–1837. doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.172
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