A hybrid process with membrane bioreactor (MBR) and powdered activated carbon (PAC), PAC/MBR, was used for real municipal wastewater treatment and reuse. The roles of chlorine dose, contact time, pH and bromide in trihalomethane (THM) formation and speciation during chlorination of the reclaimed water were investigated. Total trihalomethane (TTHM) yield exponentially increased to maximum with increasing chlorine dose (correlation coefficient R2 = 0.98). Prolonging substrate chlorine contact time significantly promoted TTHM formation. Less than 40% of THMs formed in the first 24 h, indicating that the PAC/MBR effluent organic matters were mostly composed of slow-reacting precursors. Increasing pH and bromide concentration facilitated THM formation. Higher chlorine dose and contact time enhanced chloro-THM formation. The bromo-THM formation was favored at near neutral condition. Despite the variation of chlorine dose, contact time and pH, the yield of THM species in order was usually CHCl3 > CHBrCl2 > CHBr2Cl > CHBr3. However, THM speciation shifted from chlorinated species to brominated species with increasing bromide concentration.
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Research Article|
May 22 2015
Factors affecting trihalomethane formation and speciation during chlorination of reclaimed water
Defang Ma;
Defang Ma
1Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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Baoyu Gao;
1Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
E-mail: baoyugao_sdu@aliyun.com; bygao@sdu.edu.cn
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Yan Wang;
Yan Wang
1Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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Qinyan Yue;
Qinyan Yue
1Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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Qian Li
Qian Li
1Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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Water Sci Technol (2015) 72 (4): 616–622.
Article history
Received:
November 07 2014
Accepted:
May 08 2015
Citation
Defang Ma, Baoyu Gao, Yan Wang, Qinyan Yue, Qian Li; Factors affecting trihalomethane formation and speciation during chlorination of reclaimed water. Water Sci Technol 1 August 2015; 72 (4): 616–622. doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.260
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