Modelling of suspended sediment in a weir reach using EFDC model

Construction of hydraulic structures often leads to alteration of river dynamics and water quality. Suspended solids entering the upstream of the weir cause adverse effects to the hydroecological system and, therefore, it is necessary to build a modelling system to predict the changes in the river characteristics for proper water quality management. In this study, the discharges and total suspended solids upstream and downstream of the Baekje Weir installed in Geum River, Korea, was modelled using the environmental fluid dynamics code (EFDC) model. The resulting trend of four rainfall events shows that as rainfall increases, the total suspended solids (TSS) concentration increases as well. For the two larger events, at the upstream of the weir, TSS was observed to decrease or remain constant after the rainfall event depending on the lowering of the open gate. At the downstream, TSS supply was controlled by the weir during and after the rainfall event resulting in decline in the TSS concentration. The modelling produced good results for discharge based on %Diff. (4.37–6.35), Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) (0.94–0.99) and correlation coefficient (r) (0.97–0.99) values as well as for TSS with acceptable values for %Diff. (12.08–14.11), NSE (0.75–0.81) and r (0.88–0.91), suggesting good applicability of the model for the weir reach of the river in the study site.