Characteristics and kinetics simulation of controlled-release KMnO₄ for phenol remediation

Controlled-release KMnO₄ (CRP) technology has been recently developed as an improved, highly efficient technique in wastewater treatment. In this study, batch-style experiments were conducted to evaluate this technology. The release characteristics of CRP in distilled water and the reaction between CRP and phenol were studied and fitted using MATLAB software. Results indicated that in distilled water, temperature (T) and pH value had a larger effect than dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration on the release characteristics of KMnO₄, and this relationship can be accurately described by the following kinetic equation: logQ = log[1.141T^0.152(pH)^−1.0536(DO)^0.4674] + [0.0048T^0.3756(pH)^1.8854(DO)^−0.0509]logt. KMnO₄ released from CRP can effectively degrade phenol-contaminated water with different concentrations. A simulated equation (r = −dC_A/dt = −15.1705 C_A^0.6840C_P^−0.1406) characterizing phenol degradation was developed using MATLAB software. Comparison between the theoretical phenol removal rates deduced by the above two equations and the initial phenol concentration as well as the CRP dosage with the experimental data indicates that the differences between them were less than 20%. The results indicate phenol can be effectively removed by CRP and smaller dosage of KMnO₄ was required compared with literature values. The models can provide guidance for CRP application in real polluted sites, which can lower the cost for site remediation.