In an environmentally harmonized society the most cost effective measures to reduce the total effluent discharges should be taken into account. Generalised discharge values are presented for organic material and nutrients in this paper. Depending on conditions in the receiving water any of these parameters can be the determining factor for the eutrophication and oxygen demand. These parameters can be generalized into equivalent loads of TOC, nitrogen or phosphorus by recalculation according to the Redfield ratio. The cost for reduction of organic material and nutrients from a pulp and paper mill is calculated as a cost per unit pollutant (cost equivalent). This cost equivalent is compared with alternative costs, expressed in the same way, for reduction of organic material and nutrients in adjacent industries, municipal treatment plants, impact from transportation, farming, air deposits etc. In order to find where the most cost efficient measures for the society should be taken the cost equivalent for the mill is compared with the alternative measures and their equivalent costs.
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Research Article|
October 01 2010
Cost benefit analysis of measures to reduce industrial effluent discharges
Åsa Sivard
;
1
ÅF, Frösundaleden 2, S-169 99 Stockholm, Sweden E-mail: asa.sivard@afconsult.com; tomas.j.ericsson@afconsult.com; nippe.hylander@afconsult.com
E-mail: asa.sivard@afconsult.com
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Tomas Ericsson
;
Tomas Ericsson
1
ÅF, Frösundaleden 2, S-169 99 Stockholm, Sweden E-mail: asa.sivard@afconsult.com; tomas.j.ericsson@afconsult.com; nippe.hylander@afconsult.com
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Nippe Hylander
;
Nippe Hylander
1
ÅF, Frösundaleden 2, S-169 99 Stockholm, Sweden E-mail: asa.sivard@afconsult.com; tomas.j.ericsson@afconsult.com; nippe.hylander@afconsult.com
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Magnus Karlsson
;
Magnus Karlsson
2
IVL Swedish Environmental research Institute, Box 210 60, S-100 31 Stockholm, Sweden E-mail: magnus.karlsson@ivl.se; mikael.malmaeus@ivl.se
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Mikael Malmaeus
Mikael Malmaeus
2
IVL Swedish Environmental research Institute, Box 210 60, S-100 31 Stockholm, Sweden E-mail: magnus.karlsson@ivl.se; mikael.malmaeus@ivl.se
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Water Sci Technol (2010) 62 (7): 1623-1628.
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Åsa Sivard, Tomas Ericsson, Nippe Hylander, Magnus Karlsson, Mikael Malmaeus; Cost benefit analysis of measures to reduce industrial effluent discharges. Water Sci Technol 1 October 2010; 62 (7): 1623–1628. doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.948
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Åsa Sivard, Tomas Ericsson, Nippe Hylander, Magnus Karlsson, Mikael Malmaeus; Cost benefit analysis of measures to reduce industrial effluent discharges. Water Sci Technol 1 October 2010; 62 (7): 1623–1628. doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.948
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